Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common types of arrhythmias diagnosed globally among older adults. And there are distinct types of this fibrillation that affects the heart’s ability to pump blood from the atria to the ventricles along the body. A series of electrical impulses control this function, and any abnormality can result in irregular heart rate or rhythm. Here is a comprehensive overview of what to expect, from risk factors to treatment of irregular heartbeat.

Causes and risk factors
There are no direct known causes. But there are several risk factors like old age, substance abuse, existing heart problems or defects, and general lifestyle-induced problems like heavy body mass and poor resting patterns that can cause the heart to function out of tune.

Symptoms of atrial fibrillation
The quicker irregular heartbeat can cause a person to experience fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain caused due to blood supply being cut off to the heart. One may also experience dizziness and palpitations due to the irregular blood supply to essential organs. If left unchecked for prolonged periods, the condition increases the risk of blood clots, stroke, or complete heart failure.

Foods to have and avoid
Some foods are great for promoting cardiovascular health, while others can trigger symptoms linked to heart problems.

• Plant based nutrition
  Studies suggest that plant-based nutrition is more beneficial compared to including more dairy, meats, and seafood options for improving cardiovascular health. Fresh leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, fresh fruits, whole foods rich in soluble fibers, and assorted nuts and seeds rich in vitamins and nutrients are excellent choices to include in daily meals.
• Staying hydrated
  Dehydration is often cited as one of the symptom triggers linked to respiratory functions. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day will ensure the body absorbs the necessary potassium and magnesium, among other types of electrolytes found in the blood. These minerals are crucial for regulating heartbeat rhythm.

Foods to avoid
Any substance consumption designed to induce a feeling of goodness and relaxation is a strict no-no when managing an irregular heartbeat. Also, fatty foods or processed foods containing fat, additives, and preservatives are all linked to an increase in body mass, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and even high blood pressure. These complications combined can put pressure on the heart and disrupt its normal rhythm. It is better to eliminate foods that don’t add nutritional value.

Natural remedies for atrial fibrillation
Simple changes in daily nutrition and lifestyle habits can help better manage irregular heart rhythms.

• Eliminating stimulants from daily foods
  It is best to avoid caffeine as it is a natural stimulant that increases the rate of metabolic activities supporting various cardiovascular and circulatory functions. Other beverages, including teas, flavored sodas, energy drinks, and even chocolate, contain caffeine.
• Managing any intolerance
  Gluten or lactose intolerance can also trigger inflammation that could potentially affect heart rhythm. Many studies suggest a link between celiac disease caused by gluten intolerance and atrial fibrillation. It is one of the reasons why nutritionists recommend eliminating wheat, corn, potato, soy, millet, and quinoa, among other whole grains that contain gluten.
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
  Regular exercise and any form of physical activity that helps boost cardiovascular health are healthy habits to incorporate on a daily basis. Light to moderate exercise improves circulation, boosts mood, and allows the body to destress. Activities like walking, jogging, and cycling ensure there are no sudden spikes in blood pressure that could also complicate heart rhythm. It is also important to get a good night’s sleep with adequate exercise.

Treating atrial fibrillation
There are surgical and non-surgical treatment options available for most patients. Cardiologists generally suggest the use of heart rate control and rhythm control induced by subtle, calculated electric shocks to restore a proper heartbeat. This procedure is commonly referred to as electrical cardioversion. Those who do not respond well to these treatments are surgically outfitted with mechanical pacemakers to manage the rhythm. Alternatively, electric ablation surgery can be done to locate and destroy abnormal heart tissue that is causing the fibrillation.