The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland in males that produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. Any cancerous development in this small gland is referred to as prostate cancer. This form of cancer typically grows slowly and is confined to the prostate gland, and it may need minimal or no treatment in such cases. That said, some prostate cancers are aggressive and can spread quickly. This article answers the most frequently asked questions about prostate cancer.
What causes prostate cancer?
The exact cause of this form of cancer is still unclear, but cancerous development begins when cells in the prostate develop changes in their DNA. DNA contains the information on what cells need to do, and changes in this information lead to uncontrolled and abnormal cell growth. The accumulation of abnormal cells can result in tumor formation, which can grow and invade nearby tissues, even spreading to other, distant body parts sometimes. The risk factors for prostate cancer include:
- Age
An individual’s risk of developing prostate cancer increases as they grow older, and the disease is mostly seen in men above 50. - Race
Although the reasons are not yet clear, prostate cancer is more common in African-American men, and it affects these men at a younger age. - Family history
Prostate cancer often affects men who have a close relative with the disease, but men without a family history of the condition can also develop it. - Obesity
People who are obese or overweight are more likely to have aggressive prostate cancer symptoms.
What are its symptoms?
Prostate cancer may or may not showcase any signs or symptoms in the early stages. In the advanced stages, prostate cancer can lead to frequent urination, trouble urinating, blood in the urine and semen, bone pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and the onset of erectile dysfunction.
How is it diagnosed?
The testing process of prostate cancer includes both screening and diagnostic tests. Prostate screening tests typically include Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) test. In DRE, a doctor inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to examine the prostate for any abnormalities in the gland’s texture, shape, or size. In the PSA test, a blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and analyzed for PSA, which is naturally produced by the prostate gland. High PSA levels can indicate prostate infection, inflammation, enlargement, or cancer. If the screening tests detect any abnormality, a doctor may prescribe diagnostic tests like ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and prostate biopsy.
How is prostate cancer treated?
Treatment for this form of cancer depends on factors like how fast it’s growing, whether and how far it has spread, and the patient’s overall health. Low-grade prostate cancers often do not require immediate treatment, but a doctor may recommend monitoring. This can include regular follow-up blood tests, rectal exams, and prostate biopsies. In other cases, the common treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, heating or freezing of prostate tissue, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Can the disease be prevented? Are there any natural remedies?
The development of prostate cancer cannot be prevented, but one can reduce their risk of developing the disease to a certain extent.
To do this, one should follow a nutritious diet loaded with colorful fruits and veggies and increase their intake of foods rich in antioxidants, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight are some other natural ways to lower prostate cancer risk. Additionally, consulting a doctor for the next steps is necessary if one is at risk of developing prostate cancer. Early detection can increase the chances of successful prostate cancer treatment, so one should approach a doctor immediately if they notice any signs.